Evolución de la teoría y las prácticas en el control de las enfermedades transmitidas por vector / Evolution of the theory and practices for the control of vector borne diseases

La configuración de los modelos conceptuales de la salud pública encuentran vínculos con el avance en el conocimiento de las ETV. El establecimiento de los imperios coloniales, el surgimiento de las intervenciones sanitarias a gran escala, la creación de organismos internacionales, la participación de sociedades filantrópicas en el financiamiento y organización de campañas de salud son sólo unas cuantas aportaciones al campo. Este cuerpo de conocimientos contribuyó al nacimiento y el progreso de varias disciplinas médicas, instituciones académicas y organismos internacionales dedicados a la formación de recursos humanos, la investigación y la prestación de servicios de salud, reconocidos como las bases de producción y reproducción de todo campo intelectual. La forma como se han enfrentado las ETV también ha moldeado el quehacer y las prácticas en salud pública, y su esencia ha sido adoptada para elaborar los programas de control y prevención de otros muchos problemas de salud.

The conceptual models of the public health have bonds with the advance in the knowledge of the VBDs. The establishment of the colonial empires, the sprouting of great scale sanitary interventions, the creation of tie international organisms dedicated to the promotion of the health, the participation of phylantropic institutions financing and organizing different health campaigns are only a few contributions to the field. This body of knowledge contributed to the birth and the progress of several medical disciplines, academic institutions and international organisms dedicated to the education of human resources, research and health services; establishing the production and reproduction bases of this intellectual field. The way that VBDs have been faced has also molded great part of the ideas and the practices in Public Health and its essence has been adopted to elaborate the prevention and control programs of other many problems of health.

Rodolfo dos Santos Mascarenhas: a pioneer of health history / Rodolfo dos Santos Mascarenhas: pioneiro da história da saúde

Studies on the work of Mascarenhas analyze his contribution to the history of health in Sao Paulo and the aspects of his work which place him in what is entitled the second generation of health workers of São Paulo state - being the first generation the one led by Emílio Ribas. This article recaptures these points and highlights his last works on preventive and community medicine. We argue that the conception of public health consolidated during his education was essential for his interest in the new model of medicine that was starting to spread in the country.

Os estudos que comentam a obra de Mascarenhas analisam sua contribuição à história da saúde em São Paulo e os aspectos de seu trabalho que o enquadram no que se convencionou chamar de segunda geração de sanitaristas paulistas - a primeira seria liderada por Emílio Ribas. Esse artigo retoma esses pontos e destaca seus trabalhos mais recentes, relacionados à medicina preventiva e comunitária. Argumentamos que a concepção de saúde pública consolidada em sua formação foi central para seu interesse no novo modelo de medicina que começava a se difundir no país.

Ricardo Bruno: history, social processes and health practices / Ricardo Bruno: história, processos sociais e práticas de saúde

This essay has the objective of revisiting the intellectual output of Ricardo Bruno Mendes-Gonçalves (1946-1996), Professor of the Department of Preventive Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo and one of the theoreticians who participated in the construction of the field of Brazilian Collective Health during the years 1970-1990. On the basis of brief biographical and bibliographical information, as well as relevant aspects regarding the historical context in which his output is located, I examine the principal works of the author, their effects on the lines of investigation of investigation of his students and his legacy of contributions and challenges for Collective Health. I highlight the genesis and development of his Theory of the Health Work Process and its impact on the understanding and empirical investigation of the socio-historical dimensions of health practices and on the reconstruction of knowledge and technologies in the context of the Brazilian Health Sector Reform. In particular, I highlight his concern with the ethical perspective of academic praxis and in this sense, with hope as a human value which is historically objectified and intersubjectively constructed.

Este ensaio tem como objetivo revisitar a produção intelectual de Ricardo Bruno Mendes-Gonçalves (1946-1996), professor do Departamento de Medicina Preventiva da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e um dos teóricos que participou da construção do campo da Saúde Coletiva brasileira nos anos 1970-1990. Partindo de breves informações biográficas e bibliográficas, assim como de aspectos relevantes acerca do contexto histórico no qual se situa sua produção, examina-se os principais trabalhos do autor, seus desdobramentos nas linhas de investigação de seus alunos e seu legado de contribuições e desafios para a Saúde Coletiva. Destaca-se a gênese e o desenvolvimento de sua Teoria do Processo de Trabalho em Saúde e seus aportes para a compreensão e a investigação empírica das dimensões sócio-históricas das práticas de saúde e para a reconstrução de saberes e tecnologias no âmbito da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira. Ressalta-se, ainda, sua preocupação com a perspectiva ética da práxis acadêmica e, nesse sentido, com a esperança como valor humano historicamente objetivado e intersubjetivamente construído.

Saúde e dietética na medicina preventiva medieval: o regimento de saúde de Pedro Hispano (século XIII) / Health and dietetics in medieval preventive medicine: the health regimen of Peter of Spain (thirteenth century)

Analisa o Livro sobre a conservação da saúde, obra médica preventiva, composta no século XIII pelo físico/médico português Pedro Hispano (1210-1277), que nos permite observar as concepções de saúde e higiene e compreender o papel social dos físicos universitários na medicina preventiva medieval. A obra mostra sempre a noção de equilíbrio na saúde corporal entre os elementos internos, as coisas naturais (compleição, por exemplo), e os externos, as coisas não naturais (ar, sono, exercício, alimentos, banhos, paixões da alma).

La experiencia de medicina preventiva integrada a la clínica: Hospital San Francisco de Borja 1963-1973 / Teaching preventive medicine in a clinical setting: San Francisco de Borja Hospital 1963-1973

Este trabajo intenta comprender la experiencia de medicina preventiva integrada a las clínicas, realizadas entre los años 1963 y 1973, en el Hospital San Francisco de Borja. El análisis busca conocer sus contenidos, su marco teórico, sus participantes, sus antecedentes y algunas de sus posibles implicancias para la salud pública actual. Como introducción al estudio mismo, realizó una revisión parcial de los vínculos entre historia y salud pública en el contexto americano y un recuento de las búsquedas historiográficas relevadas por el “giro lingüístico” y las tensiones entre memoria e historia. De esta revisión y recuento se da cuenta en otro artículo.

This paper attempts to understand the experience of integrated medicine clinics, between the years 1963 and 1973 in San Francisco de Borja Hospital. The analysis seeks to know its contents, its theoretical framework, its participants, their background and some of its possible implications for public health today. As an introduction to the study it conducted a partial review of the links between history and public health in the American context and an overview on historiographic controversy caused by “linguistic turn” and the tensions between memory and history. This review is the subject matter of another paper.

Controle de riscos à saúde em radiodiagnóstico: uma perspectiva histórica / Control of health risks in radiodiagnosis: a historic approach

Apresenta o histórico da descoberta das radiações ionizantes, seus efeitos biológicos e a conseqüente necessidade de controle dos respectivos riscos à saúde. Descreve a evolução histórica do controle de risco em radiodiagnóstico no Brasil, demonstrando que este pode não estar associado apenas à dose recebida, mas também a erros de diagnóstico e a custos para o sistema de saúde. Salienta que a legislação sanitária tem um amplo leque de co-responsabilidade social para envolver todos os atores visando à proteção da saúde.

Epidemias y Estado el caso de la ciudad de Córdoba a fines del siglo XIX / Epidemies and State the case of the city of Córdoba in the ends of the XIX century

Presenta la relevancia de la hipótesis de González Leandri que sotiene que en Buenos Aires, a mediados del siglo XIX los itinerarios de las epidemias contitueyron circunstancias históricas fundamentales para los médicos diplomados consolidaran su profesión -y la propia medicina- en relación con un Estado que procuraba avanzar en su dominación sobre la sociedad civil. Para analizar estas problemáticas fue introdujido en el estudio de la constitución y funcionamento del sistema preventivo-sanitario anti-epidémico en la ciudad de Córdoba, en plena institucionalización durante las últimas décadas del siglo XIX.

La historia de las COMPIN y de las licencias médicas / The COMPIN history and the medical licenses

El autor explica claramente la motivación para producir este libro; dice: "...debido a que no existe un curso específico de preparación para funcionarios de Comisiones de Medicina Preventiva e Invalidez (Compin), se me ha creado un verdadero cargo de conciencia, después de 50 años de ininterrumpida labor, por tener que despedirme de la administración pública sin dejar constancia de los hechos y experiencias que motivaron los cambios necesarios para convertir a las Compin en un organismo respetable, confiable, capaz de dictar resoluciones justas, éticas y dentro de los marcos legales". Y dedica la obra "al capital más valioso de nuestra fría y sofisticada sociedad, con respeto y admiración al vigoroso y pujante capital humano que constituye la viga maestra de nuestro mundo laboral, el trabajador chileno"

Contributions of Muhadhdhab Al-Deen Al-Baghdadi to the progress of medicine and urology. A study and translations from his book Al-Mukhtar

This study of the Arabic 4-volume book of Al-Mukhtar Fi Al-Tibb [Choice Book on Medicine] written by the Muslim physician Muhadhdhab Al-Deen Al-Baghdadi [515-610 H, 1117-1213 AD] aimed at evaluating his contributions to the progress of medicine and urology along with providing English translations of relevant excerpts. Al-Baghdadi laid emphasis on the morals of medical practice and the principles of medical education describing how to select medical students and how to evaluate graduates. He stressed on the need for a long training program directly supervised by skilled expert doctors both in hospitals [Al-Bimaristanat] and during home visits. A good part of volume 1 was allocated to preventive medicine and the whole of volume 2 was devoted to the pharmacy section, which he restricted to what was proven by the experience of his teacher and by his own experiments. Same as all his predecessors in the Islamic era, Al-Baghdadi stressed the importance of clinical medicine and gave more details related to history taking, physical examination, differential diagnosis and prognosis. Similar to them, he also, emphasized that a doctor should be quite knowledgeable in anatomy. Furthermore, the presence of anatomical drawings in Kitab Al-Mukhtar Fi Al-Tibb is a further step forward in illustrating medical text books; a trend that flourished in the Islamic era reflecting the role of direct observations and experience. The detailed description of the functional anatomy of the uretero-vesical junction and the antireflux and micturition mechanisms given by Al-Baghdadi is contrary to that of Galen [130-200 AD] but conforms well to our contemporary understanding. In the conservative management of urinary stones, he described 70 simple and 13 compound drugs while those described by Pulus of Aegina [625-690 AD] were only 20 simple and 3 compound drugs. Furthermore, Al-Baghdadi's description of the instruments and techniques of urethral catheterization, perineal cystolithotomy and perineal cystolithotripsy using Al-Zahrawi's lithotrite is meticulous and reveals originality, dexterity and experience

Forty years. An introduction to the development of a Caribbean public health

The development of public health and primary care in Jamaica is examined with particular reference to the historical events which paved the way for their development: notably, the collaborative work undertaken by the Rockefeller Foundation (Commissions on hookworm, tuberculosis, malaria, yaws); recommendations of the Moyne Commission (leading to the establishment of the West Indies School of Public Health); and the Irvine Commission which recommended the establishment of the University College of the West Indies. A confluence of political, social and international activity in the 1970s proved catalytic in the development of the current ethos of primary health care, and the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine was instrumental in the training of the most innovative addition to the primary care health team, the community health aide. Undergraduate and postgraduate training programmes of the Department are highlighted as it celebrates its fortieth anniversary.

Infectious Diseases and Medical Institutions in the Late Chosen Dynasty / 의사학

There were severe outbreaks of cholera and syphilis in the late Chosen Dynasty. In this article, I examine how these diseases spreaded and which preventive and curative measures were used against them. There were five times of cholera epidemic in Chosen Dynasty. Oriental medicine was initially adopted for the prevention and cure of the disease, but it did not produce remarkable results. Disinfection center and Cholera Clinic, the first special institution for the patients suffering from epidemic diseases, were established in Jeol-yung island, but could not be run properly at first. As preventive measures came to be more westernized, the popular awareness of understanding of the disease was improved. Temporary quarantine stations were established, and Korean government announced several rules against cholera. Contemporary Korean physicians had not known well about syphilis. Syphilis began to spread after the 1905 Protectorate Treaty was contracted and the Japanese migrated to Korea in large numbers. Syphilis had already spreaded widely among the Japanese prostitutes, and special clinic was established from relatively early times. After the 1905 Treaty, Korean women entered into the Japanese prostitutes' house, and syphilis disseminated among the Koreans. Korean government did not establish special clinic as Japanese did, but Kwangjewon made efforts to enlighten the people and carried out veneral disease checks and remedy of the prostitutes. Registration of the prostitutes and collection of taxes from them became two policies to root out the prostitution and syphilis.

SUCAM: sua origem, sua história - v.1 / SUCAM: its origin, its history - v.1

Tem a finalidade de atender a uma clientela interna, integrada por dirigentes, assessores e auxiliares. De há muito ressentia-se esta clientela da falta de um instrumento adequado e confiante que lhe propiciasse maior facilidade na pesquisa ou consulta sobre a vida institucional e estrutural da Superintendência de Campanhas de Saúde Pública.